Weaving machines that traditionally use yarn for weaving can be divided into two broad categories: weaving and knitting. Looms include original shuttle looms and new shuttleless looms. Shuttleless looms mainly include rapier looms, air-jet looms, water-jet looms and projectile looms. Knitting machines are divided into two categories: warp knitting and weft knitting, and there are many sub-categories under them.
In the knitting category, the product development of China's weaving machinery is uneven, among which the circular weft knitting machine and the warp knitting machine develop rapidly, the flat knitting machine and the sock knitting machine are relatively slow, and the crochet knitting machine develops rapidly. Among the domestic circular weft machines, the basic products that are used in a large amount and a wide range are relatively complete, including single-sided, double-sided circular weft machines, rib machines and artificial fur machines. Single-sided circular weft machines include four-needle lanes, loops (positive and reverse wrapping), weft insertion, and multi-functional single-sided machines.
On the basis of the commonly used 30 inches in the past, the diameter of the cylinder has grown to a maximum of 38 to 40 inches, and the gauge has also developed from the fine gauge E28 to E32 to E36. Double-sided circular weft machines include cotton wool machine, upper two-lower four-section double-sided machine, jacquard double-sided machine, etc. The ribbing machine has formed its own series, and the cotton wool machine and the ribbing machine can be converted into each other. The electronic jacquard circular weft machine has made a breakthrough and filled the gap in China. There are two types of artificial fur machines: top feeding type and loop cutting type, and computer jacquard artificial fur machines have been mass-produced and supplied.
According to the weaving method of weaving, weaving can be divided into two categories: shuttle looms and shuttleless looms. Shuttle looms are looms that use traditional shuttles (wood or plastic) for weft insertion. The shuttle is large in size and heavy in weight, and is repeatedly projected by exchanges. The machine has large vibration, high noise, slow speed and low efficiency. The weft insertion methods of shuttleless looms are various, including rapier, jet (air jet, water jet), projectile, multi-shed (multi-phase) and weaving.
Rapier Loom
Rapier looms use rigid or flexible rapier heads and belts to hold and guide the weft. In addition to being suitable for weaving plain and textured fabrics, rapier looms are characterized by easy color change, suitable for multi-color weft fabrics, and are suitable for the production of yarn-dyed, double-layer fleece fabrics, terry fabrics and decorative fabrics.
Air Jet Loom
Air-jet looms use compressed air jets to pull the weft yarns and bring them through the shed. The biggest feature of air-jet loom is fast speed and high labor productivity.
water jet loom
The water jet loom uses water as the weft insertion medium to generate frictional traction on the weft yarn with the jet water flow, so that the weft yarn on the fixed bobbin is introduced into the shed. The water jet loom has the characteristics of high speed and high unit output, and is mainly suitable for the production of hydrophobic filament chemical fiber fabrics with smooth surface.
Projectile Loom
Gripper looms hold the weft with a small gripper with clips and project the weft insertion. Projectile looms have the advantages of stable weft insertion, excellent fabric quality, and few weft threads, and are suitable for the production of multi-color weft fabrics, fine, thick fabrics and wide fabrics.
The composition of the loom
1. Opening mechanism: According to the fabric structure, the warp yarns are separated up and down to form a shed for weft insertion.
2. Weft insertion mechanism: the weft yarn is introduced into the shed.
3. Beating-up mechanism: push the weft yarn introduced into the shed to the weaving mouth to form a fabric.
4. Coiling mechanism: The woven fabric is drawn away from the fabric forming area and rolled into a certain package.
5. Let-off mechanism: supply the warp according to the needs of interlacing, and make the warp have a certain tension.
6. Frame, starting, braking and transmission mechanism.
7. Protection device: prevent weaving defects and operate safely.
8. Automatic weft filling device: After the weft yarn is used up, it will automatically fill the weft.
9. Multi-color weft feeding device: alternately supply different weft yarns for interweaving without stopping.
Through the introduction of foreign advanced technology and independent development, in addition to ordinary looms, there are high-speed looms with a maximum speed of 2000 rpm, with P (terry) device, E (elastic yarn) device or EP device, and double-sided terry tricot knitting machine. Raschel warp knitting machines include multi-bar, jacquard, double needle bed, net warp knitting machines and other products, and double needle bed Raschel warp knitting machines include plush type (which can knit 16-30mm double-layer) fabric), short pile type (4-25mm double-layer fabric can be woven), the machine width can reach 110-180 inches, the machine size is E16-E20, the maximum knitting speed can reach 600 courses/min, and the needle-type latch needle system is adopted; Velvet double-needle-bed warp knitting machine is used to knit vertical pile, velvet, velveteen and spacer fabrics (without slitting), the machine width is 84-136 inches, the machine size is E20-E24, and the maximum knitting speed is 800 courses/min.
The pattern of the loom can be infinitely circulated and change rapidly. The machine width is 150 and 168 inches, the machine size is E14 and E18, and the maximum weaving speed is 250 courses/min. In addition to the computer-controlled high-speed warping machine, the section warping machine matched with the warp knitting machine has developed a high-speed warping machine with computer real-time monitoring, and a warping machine dedicated to the crochet machine has also been successfully developed. The manual flat knitting machine in the flat knitting machine has been independently developed and developed into a knitting needle rest flat knitting machine, which can produce various forming structures and three-dimensional one-step forming fabrics. It has been popularized and used, and the width of the computerized flat knitting machine can reach 60 inches.