The development history of the world textile and garment industry
After the first industrial revolution, the textile industry first stepped onto the stage of history. Before World War I, the British cotton spinning industry reached a peak. The export of the textile industry accounted for more than 58% of the world's total textile trade, almost monopolizing the global cotton textile product market. After the First World War, in 1924, the number of British cotton spinning spindles reached a record 63.3 million, and the number of looms was 792,000. The wool spinning industry also had a global hegemony, and textiles poured into the country a huge amount of money. At that time, China's textile industry was 100 years behind the United Kingdom, and machine textile reeling plants began to appear on the southeast coast in the mid to late 19th century. After a period of development, by 1895, China had 79 textile factories with 175,000 spindles, 1,800 looms and 50,000 employees.
After the Second World War, the United States, Japan, West Germany, Italy and other countries followed the law and vigorously developed the textile industry. This was the first shift in the production center of the textile industry. Relying on the advantages of cotton resources, the United States vigorously develops the cotton spinning industry, with the number of cotton spinning spindles reaching 36 million. At the same time, relying on its industrial and technological advantages, it vigorously develops the machinery manufacturing profession and the chemical fiber industry. In the 1950s, the US textile production technology and textile machinery level were in a leading position in the world. In the chemical fiber industry, it opened a precedent for industrialized production. In 1956, the output value of Japan's textile industry accounted for more than half of the domestic industrial production value, and exports accounted for 34.4% of the country's total exports. In the first 30 years of 1976, Japan spent a lot of money to import more than 130 advanced textile machinery technologies from abroad. And invested a huge amount of research and development funds to produce textile machinery for export, which greatly improved the level of Japan's textile machinery. In 1976, the export of textile machinery accounted for 79.7%. West Germany relies on its advanced mechanical processing industry and chemical industry to vigorously develop the textile machinery industry and dye industry. It also attaches great importance to the modernization of the country's textile industry production equipment, constantly updating textile production equipment, and soon become a major exporter of textiles and textile machinery. , Germany's textile machinery export still maintains an international leading position. With its advantage of low labor costs in Europe, Italy has focused on the development of wool spinning, cotton spinning, and clothing industries. Since the 1970s, Italy has quickly become the center of Europe's textile and clothing industries.
After the 1970s, the production center of the textile industry shifted to South Korea, Hong Kong, Taiwan, India and other countries and regions. China followed suit in the 1980s and rose rapidly. In 1994, China's total textile and apparel exports ranked first in the world. This is the second shift in the production center of the textile industry. The textile industry has also played a major role in promoting the economic development of these countries and regions. In 2000, China's textile and clothing exports reached US$52.23 billion, accounting for 14.7% of the global textile trade. According to statistics for more than 20 years, the world's largest exporter of textiles and clothing is Japan (1970-1972) for three years, Germany (1973-1980) for eight years, and Italy (1981-1983, 1985-1986) for five years. Since 1994, China has leapt to the first place. In the long history of the 20th century, the textile industry has been like a fire in the process of industrialization in various countries. In 2000, the global textile trade volume was 356.40 billion US dollars. The textile industry is dependent on human beings. Textiles and clothing products are retailed in countries all over the world. Shopping malls are always dazzling, with permanent charm for consumers, and the textile industry will not go down.
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Textile technology development
The success of the textile industry today is inseparable from the development of modern science and technology and its application in textiles. From the perspective of the development process of the textile industry, the transformation from handicraft to machine industry, from natural fibers as raw materials to the emergence of chemical fibers, from traditional textile technology to modern non-woven technology, the application of modern electronic technology and management technology, Greatly promoted the development of the textile industry. All these are the contributions of modern science and technology.
The transformation from hand-made textiles to mechanical textiles has greatly increased the labor productivity of the textile industry. The cotton textile industry was the first to realize mechanization. In 1733, John Kay invented and obtained the patent for the "flying shuttle"-a simple bounce device that speeds up the speed of the weft through the warp. However, the "flying shuttle" is not enough, so people cautiously launched a concerted movement to encourage those inventions that promote production. This situation led to a series of inventions that made it possible for the cotton textile industry to be fully mechanized by 1830. Among the new inventions, Richard Arkwright’s hydro-spinning machine (1769), James Hargreaves’ multi-spinning machine (177O) and Samuel Crompton’s walking spindle The spinning machine (1779) was excellent. The hydro-spinning machine can spin fine and strong yarn between the top rollers; with a multi-axis spinning machine, one person can spin 8 yarns at the same time, then 16 yarns, and finally more than 100 yarns; The spindle spinning machine is also called "Muir" (Mule) spinning machine because it combines the advantages of a hydro-spinning machine and a multi-axis spinning machine. All these new spinning machines are quickly producing much more yarn than the weaver can handle.
A priest named Edmund Cartwright tried to correct this imbalance. In 1785, he obtained a patent for a power loom that was originally driven by horses and steam-driven after 1789. This new invention is crudely produced and commercially unprofitable. However, after years of improvement, its most serious shortcomings have been corrected. By the 1920s, this power loom had basically replaced hand-woven weavers in the cotton textile industry.
The emergence of the chemical fiber industry has greatly enriched and increased the types and quantities of textiles. In 1911, man-made fibers and synthetic fibers entered the ranks of textile materials in 1938. People were surprised to see that the raw materials for the production of textiles do not necessarily rely on natural fibers, and can be industrialized like other industrial materials. In the following decades, the chemical fiber industry began to challenge natural fibers in terms of quantity, variety, quality and performance. By 1994, the output of chemical fiber and natural fiber each accounted for 20.564 million tons, equally divided. In 1996, the output of chemical fiber reached 24 million tons, accounting for 54% of textile fibers. It soon exceeded the consumption of natural fiber. In 2000, the output of chemical fiber reached 24 million tons. 34.206 million tons.
The industrial production of superfine fiber, high temperature resistance, flame retardant, high elasticity, high strength, conductive and other high-performance chemical fibers. Chemical fibers have caught up with and surpassed natural fibers in terms of wearability and use performance. Some special properties are derived from natural fibers. Far from it. At present, there are many varieties of chemical fiber. Lyocell fiber, which is known as the fiber of the 21st century, has been commercialized. Various super biomimetic fibers have entered the development and research stage. Humans have got rid of the shackles of relying entirely on natural textile materials and no longer rely on the sky to dress. The chemical fiber industry has opened up unlimited sources of textile raw materials for the development of the textile industry, gradually returning farmland to food.
Microelectronics technology is widely used in textile machinery, and textile machinery is high-speed, automated, and continuous. Important signs of these changes include: industrial production of blow-carding production lines; high-speed and high-yield ring spinning machines; highly automated new-type air-jet spinning and air-jet spinning machines; fully automatic winders and high-performance shuttleless looms, etc. . The dream of spinning without spindles and weaving cloth without shuttles became a reality in the 20th century.
The formation and rapid development of the modern nonwoven industry has once again enriched and increased the variety and quantity of textiles. Non-woven fabrics are strictly fiber fabrics, and their origin can be traced back to silkworm spinning (filament) on the table and papermaking (staple fiber). The modern non-woven fabric industry began in the 1950s and has two major categories: filament and staple fiber. Because of the different methods of fiber web formation and fabric consolidation, it is called chemical bonding, thermal bonding, needle punching, spunlace, spunbond and other non-woven fabrics. The characteristic of nonwovens is that the fibers are irregular in the product, so they endow the product with anisotropic properties. In addition, due to the short production process of nonwovens, high output and wide-ranging applications in the industry, since the 1940s , Began to be discovered by Bole in the industry, non-woven fabrics quickly became a dark horse in the textile industry. In the past decades, the non-woven fabric industry represented by high-speed needle punching, spunbond, and spunlace thrived and connected with it. The downstream finishing and related industries have formed rapidly. Non-woven fabrics show obvious advantages in geotextiles, medical fabrics, sanitary products, building roofing materials, filter products, agricultural products and other applications, and some are even irreplaceable.
Scientists believe that the development of nanotechnology will lead to a new industrial revolution. In order to seize the commanding heights, developed countries have increased investment in human, financial, and material resources, and launched competition, starting from physics, chemistry, materials, medicine, and electronic engineering. Research applications in various fields. In the next five years, my country will invest 2.5 billion yuan in nano research. In terms of functional fibers, there are anti-ultraviolet, anti-bacterial, anti-electromagnetic wave, solar resistance, anti-oxidation, etc., and can be used as catalysts and conductive pastes in chemical and electronic aspects, and even stealth materials. The application of nanotechnology will become a new way for the development of the textile industry.
In short, the application of modern machinery industry, material technology, chemical industry and electronic industry technology in textiles has greatly promoted the development and prosperity of the textile industry. The future development of the textile industry will further rely on the promotion of science and technology such as material science, chemical technology and electronic technology.
How to develop the textile industry?
With 50 years of design experience and technology precipitation, Suntech specializes in providing textile machinery production line solutions. It has internationally leading textile machinery technology. It has more than 4,500 customers and more than 15,000 successful cases around the world. We believe that textile machinery technology should be from the following aspects Promote.
Promote the application and development of new textile materials and new products. The development and industrialization of new special synthetic fibers and new textile materials is another technological breakthrough since the advent of the chemical fiber industry. With its excellent functions and performance, the new synthetic fiber not only makes up for the limitations and deficiencies of natural fibers in terms of performance, but also promotes the expansion of the textile industry from the traditional consumer field to the field of production materials.
Speed up the development of new textile technology and technology. The level of development, application and promotion of new textile technologies and technologies is an important means for the modernization of the textile industry. Since the 1980s, new technologies such as "non-spindle spinning, shuttleless weaving, waterless printing, non-woven fabrics, and unmanned factories" that people dream of in the past have gradually become reality. At present, two aspects of "textile innovation technology" and "textile innovation technology" that complement and compete with each other have basically formed in the development of technology: textile innovation technology is based on traditional textile technology and modern high-tech. The innovation and transformation of traditional textile technology is characterized by high speed (single machine high speed, automation) and high efficiency to reduce labor and increase labor productivity. Textile innovation technology is mainly manifested in two aspects, one is non-woven technology, and the other is innovative technology with the goal of ecology and environmental protection. The non-woven fabric process is a brand-new process in which the textile fiber is no longer spun and weaves directly into fabric. Innovative technologies aimed at ecology and environmental protection are currently concentrated in printing and dyeing.
Realize the mechanical and electrical integration of textile equipment. With the rapid development of computer technology, computer technology is used to directly promote the textile industry's technical equipment to the full automation of the production process, thus realizing the transformation of the textile industry from labor-intensive to technology-intensive. The application of electromechanical integration has greatly improved product quality, increased production efficiency, and improved the labor environment and conditions, thereby bringing a new leap in the development of textile productivity. The first is to promote the realization of high-speed, high-efficiency, high-yield, and high-quality modern production methods in textile production, and completely get rid of the previous design and production mode of relying solely on machinery and talents.
A rapid response system mechanism based on the Internet. After the 1990s, with the rapid development of world economic integration and information globalization, the knowledge economy began to take shape. As an important resource in the production of modern society, information has become the focus of resource competition among countries. This has also brought about profound changes in the production and operation of the textile industry. This change is concentrated in the rapid response production and management mechanism (QR).
Analysis of the pattern of textile machinery
At present, the textile machinery industry in European and American developed countries is much more advanced than in developing countries. Textile machinery in Germany, Japan and Italy are the top three in the world.
The German textile machinery industry currently ranks first in the world. In the German machinery industry, the industrial strength of German textile machinery also ranks first in all German machinery production items, and it is a professional project that Germany is proud of. The strongest items of German textile machinery are spinning machinery, knitting machinery and hosiery machinery. Among all German textile machinery production ratios, spinning machinery accounts for 29%, weaving machinery accounts for 14%, and knitting and hosiery machinery accounts for 17%. %, processing machinery accounted for 12%, and other textile machinery and spare parts accounted for 28%.
Japan ranks second in the field of textile machinery. Japan's machinery industry is quite developed, accounting for more than 40% of the national economy. As a branch of machinery, textile machinery is also quite developed. In recent years, due to Japan's economic depression, Japanese textile machinery has been hit. Japanese textile machinery is not as good as Germany's in terms of quality and technology. The background information provided by the German Machinery Association VDMA shows that the trade volume of German textile machinery accounts for more than 30% of the total global trade of similar products, which is twice that of Japan, which ranks second.
In the field of textile machinery, Italy is both an important exporting country and a major importing country. The main reason is that the textile industry is one of Italy’s economic pillars. Italy exports relatively low-tech textile machinery abroad and imports from Germany. Advanced equipment to produce high-quality textile raw materials and finished products. From the perspective of total production ranking, Italy's textile machinery ranks third in the world, second only to Germany and Japan. Italy’s main export items are 28% of knitting machinery, 22% of spinning machinery, 21% of weaving machinery, 20% of finishing equipment, and 9% of washing, dyeing and drying machinery.
In recent years, a number of textile machinery products developed and designed by suntech have become unique in the field of textile machinery, including intelligent cloth inspection machines, cloth inspection packaging lines, shaft magazines, integrated cloth inspection rapier looms, intelligent mask machines, melt blown machines, etc. , Has been sold overseas and has become a world star product. At present, in view of the current situation of the textile industry, Suntech provides professional rapier loom production solutions in order to improve textile efficiency and reduce labor costs. It uses intelligent applications to accurately design and integrate various weaving processes to achieve the optimal production state and ensure cloth rolls. quality.
With 50 years of technical precipitation and design experience, the veteran machinery company Suntech has developed and designed rapier looms that not only intelligently integrate the five basic steps of weaving, but also the finished cloth can directly enter the automatic cloth inspection link, saving a lot of manpower and material resources. Time and cost.
Customers who have used Suntech rapier looms are full of praise for this loom, which can be called artificial intelligence in the loom industry. According to statistics, this loom can save 50% of labor costs and 50% on average, and increase production by 50%. Efficiency, in addition to automatic cloth inspection, PLC automatic control, automatic weft search, servo electronic warp let-off, and servo electronic take-up are also available, making every step of the textile intelligent and greatly increasing the production speed.
One machine can replace two or more skilled workers, and the efficiency is greatly increased. The original production requires one day, but now it may only take half an hour. The machine does not need to pay social security, and does not need "dismissal compensation", which greatly reduces labor costs. It is expected that the rapier loom can save hundreds of thousands of labor costs for customers a year. Welcome to inquire in detail.
