Weaving machine, also known as spinning machine, loom, cotton spinning machine, etc., the early weaving machines were all looms driven by manpower. The shuttleless loom technology has been researched since the 19th century, and has been gradually introduced to the international market since the 1950s. Since the 1970s, many new shuttleless weaving machines have been put into the market one after another. Shuttleless weaving machines have achieved remarkable results in improving fabrics and improving the efficiency of weaving machines. They are widely used in countries around the world and speed up the process of weaving equipment transformation. The share of shuttleless weaving machines in many developed countries has reached about 80%. There is a general trend of replacing shuttle weaving machines with shuttleless weaving machines.
Mechanical Development
The earliest looms were the squat looms (called waist looms) that sat on the ground. The method of use is to step on the warp stick of the loom with your feet, hold the wooden knife for beating the weft in the right hand to tighten the weft, and the left hand in the posture of the weft thread. This pedal-type waist machine does not have a frame. One end of the winding shaft is tied to the waist, and the other end of the warp shaft is pressed with both feet to tension the fabric. The heald bar lifts the warp yarn to form a shed, inserts the weft with a bone needle, and beats up the weft with a beating knife. The most important achievement of waist machine weaving is the use of three types of heald rods, warp dividing sticks and beating knives. Although this loom seems to be very simple, it already has three directions of movement, such as opening the weaving fell up and down, weft insertion left and right, and tightening front and rear. It is the ancestor of modern looms.
In the production practice of weaving, people have gradually innovated and successfully created a twill loom with pedals. Its image appears many times on the Han Dynasty portrait stone. This twill loom already has a frame, the warp surface and the horizontal frame are at an inclination angle of fifty or sixty degrees, and an opening device for lifting the heald by foot is adopted. Weavers can sit and operate, using hands and feet together, and the productivity is generally more than 10 times higher than that of the original loom. It was the most advanced loom in the world at that time.
In the development of the modern textile industry, various forms of shuttleless looms have appeared, including rapier looms, projectile looms, air-jet looms, water-jet looms, multi-phase looms, and magnetic weft insertion looms. and many more. Compared with shuttle looms, the fabrics produced by shuttleless looms have unparalleled advantages in terms of output, quality and variety. They have replaced shuttle looms in most weaving fields. This pace has been further accelerated and has grown from developed countries. expansion of the textile industry into developing countries. Judging from the technological development of international shuttleless looms and the needs of the textile industry, air-jet looms have made rapid progress in high-speed, wide-width and serialization. Weaving, jacquard and other fabrics are increasingly widely used, and rapier looms have advantages in terms of variety adaptability, fabric color variety changes, and wider range of weaving. These two looms have become the two most widely used models in the textile industry. .
Working Principle
The common basic feature of shuttleless looms is to separate the weft yarn package from the shuttle, or to carry only a small amount of weft yarn to replace the large and heavy shuttle with a small and light weft inserter, which provides favorable conditions for high-speed weft insertion. . In the supply of weft yarn, the bobbin package is directly used, and it enters the weft insertion mechanism through the weft storage device, so that the loom can get rid of the frequent filling action.
The use of shuttleless looms is of great significance for increasing fabric varieties, adjusting fabric structure, reducing fabric defects, improving fabric quality, reducing noise and improving working conditions. The shuttleless loom has a high speed and is usually 4-8 times more efficient than the shuttle loom. Therefore, the large-scale application of the shuttleless loom can greatly improve labor productivity.
As the structure of the shuttleless loom is improving day by day, and the selection of materials is wide, and the processing accuracy is getting higher and higher, coupled with the development of science and technology in the world, the electronic technology and microelectronic control technology gradually replace the mechanical technology, the shuttleless loom The manufacture is a high-tech product that combines metallurgy, machinery, electronics, chemical industry and fluid power and other disciplines, and integrates electronic technology, computer technology, precision machinery technology and textile technology.
The air-jet loom detects the total warp tension through the tension sensor, and the CPU controls the warp tension change caused by the opening, warp loosening, let-off, and warp diameter changes, so as to ensure the warp let-off accuracy and maintain a constant warp tension. Because the air-jet loom adopts microcomputer technology and other electronic technologies to control the movement of the whole machine, especially the automatic monitoring of product quality, the production efficiency of the air-jet loom is greatly improved. At the same time, air-jet looms have higher and higher requirements for the electronic control system, which not only must have high performance, good stability, convenient maintenance, and low failure rate, but also must be able to adapt to the environment of high temperature, high humidity, high hairiness and dust. It also has strong anti-interference requirements for power supply fluctuations and group interference.
The development of weaving machinery products presents the following characteristics:
1. Computer control technology and electronic jacquard technology have been widely used in various knitting machinery products, and have been used in circular weft machines, flat knitting machines, hosiery machines, artificial fur machines and warp knitting machines. In this gap, electronic jacquard has been realized, the technical level of the machine has been improved, and some models have reached the international advanced level in the 1990s. China's circular weft knitting machine, sock knitting machine, and flat knitting machine computer control system has been adopted for the mainframe in batches.
2. The addition of product varieties and specifications has been relatively complete and developed at both ends. For example, the maximum cylinder diameter of the circular weft machine can reach 38 and 40 inches, the machine size can reach E36, the warp knitting machine width can reach 180 inches, and the machine size can reach E32 , The maximum size of the computerized flat knitting machine can reach 60 inches, and the machine size can reach E18.
3. The versatility and versatility of the machine are enhanced. For example, the four-needle track, loop and weft insertion single-sided machine in the single-sided circular weft machine can be converted to each other, and one machine can be used for multiple purposes; within a certain range, the same machine has different specifications. The needle cylinders can be exchanged with each other to realize the use of one machine with multiple specifications; mechanical jacquard and electronic jacquard machines can be converted and so on.